Self Reflection Paper - 1067 Words

It is amazing what you can achieve if you believe that you will be successful; I found this statement to be true pertaining to myself over the process of these past few months. And that more than ever, if you really want to do something you’ll go ahead and do it. Motivation is self induced and drive is something that will come naturally when you’re doing the things that you love. Being a stage manager is a very interesting task (that could be because 95% of the time I had no idea what I was doing), however, it taught me more than just managing the stage. While I sat in rehearsals I really learned how to listen, how to pay attention to detail and accept concepts of what the other person has to say. And although I consider myself a great†¦show more content†¦But in the end that’s how all rehearsals are, and regardless of the show or how well in depth you know the length of each scene you’re still going to have issues when it comes to rehearsal usage of time. I think one of the largest issues I had would be communication with production members. A lot of the time I would ask questions or have an email sent to me and I did not know how to organize myself and keep track of what was being said. I really struggled the most with remembering what others had said to me or what I needed to ask even though I wrote everything down. It had nothing to do with them, it was just a personal problem of not being able to keep track of what was going on with other peoples lives and what they needed. My favorite and I think one of the most important things that I learned was that a stressful environment leads to no positive production. It is so important to de-stress and take care of your mind, body and soul when you come to rehearsal. Leaving issues at the door is crucial to having a clear and clean palette to work with, and I find that actors tend to bring some of their real life conflicts and emotion with them on the stage whether they know it or not. And in order to be at your very best you have to feel comfortable in the room with the people your around. I find that if you’re not enjoying yourself you have a harder timeShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Self Reflection757 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Reflection paper I cannot help but think how useful this course has been. Reflecting on the content covered over the course of this semester I have seen growth, and how changes on my lesson plan that not only benefited every student but also changed my focused in using different methods of instruction to fit the needs of every individual student. I truly enjoyed that the course was divided into main topics to help me grow on a professional level. Each topic attempted to provide specific examplesRead MoreReflection Paper On Self Reflection1514 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Reflection paper I cannot help but think how useful this course has been. Reflecting on the content covered over the course of this semester I have seen growth, and how changes to my lesson plan have not only benefited every student, but also changed my focused on using different methods of instruction to fit the needs of every individual student. I truly enjoyed that the course was divided into main topics to help me grow on a professional level. Each topic attempted to provide specific examplesRead MoreSelf Reflection Paper1300 Words   |  6 Pagestoday as I sit down and write my first paper in almost 20 years. I’ve spent the last 10 years trying to be very concise in my communication, to the point and easy to skim the important facts to ensure what I need to get across will be read. The fact that I am having some emotional response to the stress related to routinely writing papers that ‘feel long’ is just a great example of some of what I learned from my MBTI/Firo B results . I have taken a number of self assessments over the years and MBTIRead MoreSelf Reflection Paper1375 Words   |  6 Pages Oral Counseling Proficiency Exam Self-Reflection Paper Kristie Hoppe Elizabethtown College â€Æ' In this paper I plan to briefly review what happened during the counseling demonstration. Next, I will discuss two basic counseling skills that I believe I used well, and one that I struggled with. Finally, I will discuss the next steps I will take in order to improve my counseling skills. In the counseling scenario, I counseled Chris who was a college student and a religious studies major attending ElizabethtownRead MoreSelf Reflection And Self Awareness Reflection Paper1054 Words   |  5 PagesCodependency: Self-Reflection and Self-Awareness Reflection Paper In the last several weeks, I had an opportunity to look back and analyze the events that has shaped my life. This was a unique experience where I was emotionally comfortable enough to look back at life. I was able too objectively revisit many events that were often buried and too painful to face. While doing this, I felt I had finally become free from the turmoil of fears of failure, anger, regret and isolation, which often cloudedRead MoreReflection Paper On Self Reflection1007 Words   |  5 PagesSelf-Reflection is very important it is just a matter of taking your time to think things out. In every situation that everybody is going through it’s important to stop and take a moment to reflect. I try to always stop and think before I do or say something that is going to harm me. Not only does it work to reflect when you are going through a fight. It’s important to reflect on school such in assignments and have better grades. Self-Reflection is going to make you a b etter person and help you makeRead MoreSelf Reflection Paper896 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-awareness is important in everyday life, for certain individuals, it can conduct an entire day of activities and decisions. This reflection of my self-awareness is based off personal positive and negative attributes which are a direct reflection of who I am as a person. To have an outside view of these attributes, I interview my girlfriend Stephanie Russo who is also my best friend. Stephanie has been close to me for the past three years as we grew as individuals. Because of this growing processRead MoreSelf Reflection Paper760 Words   |  4 Pageshave felt inadequate compared to my extroverted peers, teachers, and even family. I am often judged based on my personality, assumed to be dumb, uninvolved, and one who lacks the essential qualities it takes to be a leader. I often think of myself in self-deprecating ways, especially when I chose to sit alone instead of in a group, or when I decide that I am simply too quiet to be a leader in my community. This has always puzzled me, as I am not sure why one’s preference for solitude can be associatedRead MoreSelf Reflection Paper1478 Words   |  6 Pagessure we meet deadlines and initiate the planning of meetings. Throughout all of these varied experiences, I have gained and developed essential leadership skills, and I hope to use my skills to become a global leader. A global leader is someone who is self-aware and understanding of cultural differences and has a curiosity for life and the people in it. They are a confident, open, and enthusiastic presence; they create meaning in the relationships he or she builds. A global leader does their best toRead MoreSelf Reflection Paper1433 Words   |  6 Pageshighest scores were Artistic and Social and it means that I enjoy self-expression, people, helping, communication, culture and teamwork. It also states that I am very creative, verbal, artistic, understanding and I have musical abilities. I saw this even before the test, but I never fully accepted it until recently and now I know it’s something that I want to have within my career. The one common theme I keep getting throughout these self-assessments and activities is that I am extremely creative and

The Role of Metaphors in Understanding Artificial...

There is presently much controversy regarding the concept of intelligence and the way that it influences individuals. In order to assist the masses in getting a better understanding of intelligence, the human brain, and the relationship between them, society has come up with a series of metaphors. Present-day technology has made it possible for individuals to interact with tools that work similarly to the human brain, thus making people think that the brain actually works as a very advanced computer that has a certain amount of storage space, a particular processing speed, and that is overall more or less capable of performing certain tasks. Metaphors are sometimes used as a means to address the masses, considering that they are more likely to gain a better comprehension of some concepts if they are presented with the opportunity to associate it with an idea that they are familiar with. People are basically presented with the fact that the computer functions similar to the brain and vice-versa. Individuals who are experienced in domains concerning the human mind are likely to express sympathy regarding the idea that human behavior can be understood better through studying computers and the way that they operate. Even with the fact that more and more individuals have come to accept that the brain can be generally related to as being a machine, this metaphor can be confusing because of the concepts that it brings along. The principal misunderstanding emerging as a result ofShow MoreRelatedThe Separation of Human Intelligence from Artificial Intelligence2155 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿The question of what it means to be hu man, and what might separate human intelligence from artificial intelligence, has never been more important, because humanity is rapidly approaching the point where technological development will allow the creation of genuinely creative thinking machines. Philosophers, scientists, and even fiction authors have grappled with the ethical implications of this possibility, but many of the ethical quandaries faced by these thinkers are predicated upon a misguidedRead MoreMaterial Science1113 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrate circuits. Since the pressing questions about the increasing ability of computers to quickly process large amounts of information is whether a computer can be built that is considered â€Å"alive† or â€Å"conscious.† I will also be defining artificial intelligence and telling the difference between the human brain and the central processing unit of a computer. Material Science There are three essential properties of every material that scientists use as a foundation for most every studyRead MoreHistory of Cognitive Psychology1666 Words   |  7 Pagesthe basic building blocks of conscious experience. His main method to structuralism was Introspection under controlled conditions. His contribution to cognitive psychology emphasized systematic, controlled observation and the importance of the understanding the structure of the mind, and higher cognitive processes. The only limitation that was found in this was the reliance on introspection. Functionalism was influenced by William James who proved that mental processes must be adaptive, so what areRead MoreSwarm Intelligence: Concepts, Models, and Applications9385 Words   |  38 PagesSwarm Intelligence: Concepts, Models and Applications Technical Report 2012-585 Hazem Ahmed Janice Glasgow School of Computing Queen s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L3N6 {hazem, janice}@cs.queensu.ca February 2012 Report Index 1. 2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2 Swarm Intelligence (SI) Models ......................................................................Read MoreDescribe Two of the Organisational Metaphors Studied and Discuss the Advantages and Disadvantages of Each.2170 Words   |  9 PagesDESCRIBE TWO OF THE ORGANISATIONAL METAPHORS STUDIED AND DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH. This essay explores the concept of studying organisation styles metaphorically, particularly as perceived by Gareth Morgan (1986). The essay begins by describing two of the organisational metaphors, specifically the mechanistic organisation and the organisation as a brain being the most diverse of the metaphors used. It then reviews the interpretation of theorists writing on the subjectRead MoreEssay on Comparative Study of Frankenstein and Blade Runner1449 Words   |  6 Pagesas well the juxtaposition between costume, connoting a sense of unjust inferiority and superiority. The low angle of shot of the Tyrell Corporation building further highlights the lack of equality in this hierarchal, industrially based world. The artificial nature of our world is heightened through the ironic prominence of the Tyrell building in contrast with Frankenstein’s secret laboratory where his ‘cheek had grown pale with work†. The notion of a consumerist world is emphasised through the flashingRead MoreReturn to Curiosity: Privileging Wonder over Rationalism in Museum Displays and Learning1457 Words   |  6 PagesEnlightenment. The development of the education system was driven by the economic imperatives of the time and shaped by an Enlightenment model of the mind which favoured deductive reasoning. That is, it favoured academic ability over other forms of intelligence. This has led to the development of an education system based on a production line mentality, in which learning is standardised and centred on finding the right answers within relatively narrow subject fields. While this has served some well, itRead MoreKnowledge Management and Organization Behaviour8403 Words   |  34 Pagesand factors related to the organizational adoption of these offerings. The research treats Knowledge Management systems as IS innovations by explaining organizational situations and phenomena related to its adoption. This research seeks a deeper understanding of organi zational phenomena taking place during the adoption and implementation of KM technical solutions. Knowledge Management is being considered for adoption as a practice that could facilitate the sustainable development of new products andRead More Comparing the Use of Language in Titus Andronicus and Hamlet2966 Words   |  12 Pagesplays. The other characters in Titus Andronicus and Hamlet interpret the language of these tragic heroes, the devices it employs, the lack of decorum it exhibits, as the symptom of madness. It is a language born out of suffering and crafted by intelligence and insight, and, above all, a desire to push language to its expressive limit, and as such, a language that characters like Marcus, Tamora, Polonius, Horatio, and Gertrude cannot appreciate, and are quick to label madness. And yet there is alsoRead MoreVirtuality as Representation2033 Words   |  9 Pagesvirtuality into every aspect of modern life, creating a pervasive cyberspace. This paper presents a collection of meanings of the term virtuality and develops, though the implications in representation and interaction, how virtuality plays a central role in current polytechnic research. In other words, we present virtuality both as the property of things that are not actual, and as the realm of invention and potential that the architect, the designer and the engineer share when they work. 1. Introduction

Personal Imaginative Coursework †Conflict Free Essays

Conflict Marion had always got on with Sinead, but I’d noticed that recently things hadn’t been as peachy. She was in a room, her room, flicking through old magazines. It was starting to get dark and she hadn’t yet shut the curtains. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Imaginative Coursework – Conflict or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘Knock knock’. Silence. ‘Knock knock’. â€Å"Mum?† Creak. â€Å"Why’s it so dark in here? I’m going out, I’ll be back later.† â€Å"I said I’d meet Mary at seven.† Sinead went over and pulled the curtains shut, tutting as she did so. â€Å"Well you can’t, I’m going out.† â€Å"I told you earlier, I can still go, we’re seeing ‘The Fruit Picker’, you know, the one with Bobby Clampton.† Marion sat down, tucking her skirt under her as she always did. â€Å"I don’t think so, fruitcake. I don’t want you to OK?† Sinead said, facing her daughter. â€Å"But you didn’t tell me you were going out and I’ve already made plans.† â€Å"Enough. I’ve said no.† Sinead made an annoying emphasis on the word no with her hands like she usually did before she lost her temper. â€Å"Then tell me why.† Marion was starting to get impatient but didn’t want Sinead to go into one, so tried to be rational. â€Å"Because I’ve said so.† â€Å"I have no problem in doing what you say as long as you give me a good reason, and so far I haven’t seen one so I assume I’m still going out.† As she said this, Marion went over to Sinead, noticing a helicopter circling the sky outside. â€Å"The reason is that I want you to stay home in case your father rings.† â€Å"No it’s not, you made that up. I’ll be back around ten.† â€Å"You’ll be here at ten because you won’t be going out. Ever.† â€Å"What, even school?† she said sarkily. â€Å"Don’t be a smart little cow. Yeah, even school.† â€Å"Don’t be stupid. You can’t be serious?† The worried expression on her face showed that calm composure wasn’t the first thing on her mind at the moment. â€Å"I’m deadly serious. See you later.† Sinead left the door open as she left the room and a few seconds later let the front door slam. I knew she’d be OK, so I stayed with Marion. Marion punched the bed with anger and let out a few reluctant sobs. She stood up jerkily and banged her head against the wall a few times to gather her thoughts. She stood for a moment then I followed her out of the room. I waited at the top of the stairs while she went down. She came back up with a knife from the kitchen. We went back into her room. She sat down on the bed. As I stayed by the door I watched her pull up her sleeve. She put the knife to her wrist and winced. I wanted to do something but I was only there to watch. â€Å"That’ll show her.† she muttered. She reached over to get a tissue and smeared some of the blood over the rest of her arm. â€Å"Run† BANG. BANG. â€Å"Now† BANG. The light was making him see in flashes, like strobing. The night was closing in on him but everything else was breaking up. As he turned the corner he tripped on a dustbin. Him and Mark had gone in opposite directions. â€Å"The Brits are on our tail.† â€Å"Down here† Voices from all directions were clouding his mind. The sirens were deafening. All he could do was think about his wife and daughter back home and know they’d be OK. It was quite a slow process as they dragged him, with a few of the others, into the back of the van, with the gunshots still roaring through the sky. Late at night, in the depths of the Irish countryside, a man knelt down beside his bed in a dorm, alongside many other men, some only boys, and prayed. Prayed that the Lord could give him strength to stand by his country and make him a martyr for freedom. But above all that the Lord might send someone to watch over his young wife and child in times when he could not be there. Because for him, knowing that God was watching over them meant knowing that they’d be safe even when he was too distant for his love to reach them. Many other men had prayed that night, for the next day was the day they’d first gone out and fought what would be the beginning of an even longer war. But O’Brien’s was the prayer I heard and the prayer I answered. And when he was caught, then lined up and shot by a British Army Officer and it was my turn to move on, I couldn’t help staying just a little longer to make sure Sinead and Marion got through it alright. A few hours later Marion was back with the magazines, the blood having crusted into a nice little scar. She heard a clunk from downstairs and quickly switched off the light and jumped into bed with her clothes still on. I went downstairs to check on Sinead. She’d got back later than she normally did. She took off her coat and hung it over the banister. She walked down the hall into the kitchen and put her keys down on the table. As she scanned the contents of the fridge, forest fruits gateau, cheese, orange juice, the phone started to ring. She shut the fridge door and picked it up after three rings. â€Å"Hello?† â€Å"Yes, that’s me.† The person on the end of the receiver was too muffled for me to hear. Sinead began fiddling with the only ring on her fingers. She paled and her shoulders tensed up. Her breathing became shallow and her chest heaved. â€Å"I understand.† â€Å"No thank you, I’ll be fine.† She put down the handset and lent on the worktop for support. She stood straight and walked through the hall and up the stairs trembling. I followed closely behind. â€Å"Can I come in, darlin’?† her voice didn’t come out as intended, it sounded too high, false. The door opened away from us, and Marion stood, looking unusually small. Sinead walked through and sat on the bed, her eyes were sunken and red. Marion stayed by the door too. â€Å"Are you OK mum? Has something happened?† â€Å"Come over here, love.† She gestured by patting the space next to her. Marion walked slowly over, looking stiff and uncomfortable. â€Å"What is it?† she asked. Sinead didn’t look her in the eye. She gestured again and Marion sat down. â€Å"I’ve just had a call from Mark. He had some news about your father.† As her eyes started pricking Marion wished she hadn’t turned on the light before opening the door. â€Å"He was caught on a job and he’s been, he’s been killed.† Marion lifted up her arm to wipe her eye, â€Å"What on earth have you done to yourself?† Sinead’s voice was trembling and cracking and her eyes shot with blood. â€Å"Nothing. I – I didn’t mean to.† â€Å"Oh come here, my baby.† And she pulled her to her, and as they both sat there sobbing out loud, clutching each other, I went over and put my arms round them both, gently rocking them from side to side into the night, softly singing an old Irish song my mother used to sing to me: The Minstrel Boy to the war is gone In the ranks of death you will find him His father’s sword he hath girded on And his wild harp slung behind him â€Å"Land of Song!† said the warrior bard â€Å"Tho’ all the world betrays thee One sword, at least, they rights shall guard One faithful harp shall praise thee!† The Minstrel fell! But the foeman’s chain Could not bring that proud soul under The harp he lov’d ne’er spoke again For he tore its chords asunder And said â€Å"No chains shall sully thee Thou soul of love and brav’ry! Thy songs were made for the pure and free, They shall never sound in slavery!† How to cite Personal Imaginative Coursework – Conflict, Papers

Aristotle Account of Human Good and Human Function

Question: Discuss about theAristotle's Account of Human Good and Human Function. Answer: The view on human good is able to differ according to different people. When reviewing the view according to Aristotle, Socrates and Plato, there are some clear differences which are viewed but they sometimes have common basis. According to Aristotle, human good is not achieved by solely learning the different principles but through practice of what is good. There are different ways to view what is good for human and different definitions are able to exist. Initially, Socrates and Plato had their views on human good. Aristotle came in and provided his views and understanding, which at some point he was able to agree with Socrates and Plato while at other tomes disagreeing with their views. This paper will analyze the view of human good and functioning according to Aristotle and the way be uses Plato and Socrates in his argument. Aristotle is able to use the different human good virtues in order to explain his understanding of these factors and the way the affect the human functioning[1]. The main focus of Aristotle is whether there is any of the human good which is higher than others. Each of the human good according to Aristotle has its own characteristic, which are able to define it. These characteristics are therefore used to judge them virtues and the way they should function when applied. The major question, which Aristotle is able to raise in his argument, is on the function or work of human being in life. Aristotle uses the psychological and biological ends in order to satisfy his different arguments to support his main points on the account of human good. Rationality in soul is a key factor, which is able to enhance the good in human being. Aristotle is able to argue that the performance of every virtue well requires the use of soul[2]. He also touches ion the nature of happiness as part of the human good. He is able to conclude that each person happiness is unique to themselves and therefore able to define their own happiness. Nevertheless, Aristotle adds that the happiness is not a virtue and activities are the major component of being happy. The perfection of man and his happiness are viewed the same by Aristotle and Plato. Additionally, Aristotle goes ahead to view the human perfections in more other ways[3]. According to Aristotle, the main question, which the people should focus on, is what is composed on human good or simply what happiness constitutes. Ethics is one of the key area which need to be analyzed in details in order to achieve the happiness in human life. In Aristotles analysis of ethics, he is able to follow the key points and arguments of Socrates such at the Metaphysics[4]. Nevertheless, some key difference can also be found in the analysis of what Socrates, Plato and Aristotle has to say. According to Aristotle, ethics is not a theoretical approach. This means that these factors cannot be theoretically practices and practical expression must be done. He is able to insist that the need to acquire knowledge is able to lead to the question of what is good for human being. This leads to the flourishment of the learner. In his description of human good, Aristotle does not only look compiling a list of the good items since any person can do that. Aristotle is able to focus on more difficult part of the human good where he raises the need for knowledge of what human good factors is good than others. In this case, Aristotle is able to ascertain that all the factors are important. Nevertheless, he insists that the importance of the factors is able to change according to the different situations, which they are applied upon[5]. In addition, Aristotle is able to raise the question on whether these factors are desirable to others and the way they can apply them. With the different needs in different people, Aristotle is able to conclude that the people with the needs can therefore determine the importance of these factors individually. Moreover, Aristotle identifies that the human good factors need analysis from the individual perspective in order to arrive at the key solution of the way they are important. According to him, the highest human good has three key characteristics, which it has to meet. First, according to him this good must have be desirable for itself. This mean that it must be able satisfy its own needs. Secondly, the need should not be desirable for the sake of some other good. This means that it should be able to stand for its own use and benefit. Lastly, all other goods should be desirable for this good sake. This means that the other goods should be able to support the wellbeing of this good. The good for human being must be able to meet these specific characteristics according to Aristotle. In addition, although Aristotle is able to agree that happiness from its origin has two components of well and spirit, he does not refer to the spirit component in his explanation of the human good and happiness. He is able to argue that living well which is likely to lead to the happiness is controlled by the human state of mind. This means that whatever one is able to set in his or her mind will be able to lead to the human good and more specifically the happiness. Moreover, he is able to agree that each persons goal is to live to the state of happiness. He adds that other subordinate needs are able to accompany the state of mind in order to achieve the required level of happiness. These include the wealth, health and additional resources which are able to promote the well-being of the human. In addition, Aristotle is able to insist that without the determination of the good and the happiness, the additional subordinate goods will not help one to achieve the state of happiness. He concludes that these subordinate goods have little influence on the happiness state of the people[6]. The mind is controlled by the psychological emotions and therefore attaining the human good is a function of the biological and psychological component[7]. He insists that the human good is a component of human soul, which is responsible for the growth and reproduction, and perceptions. These factors are able to play a key role in the achievement of the human good and happiness for the human beings. In addition, Aristotle is able to insist that the feeling of happiness is controlled by oneself. This is the main point when he refers the happiness has one own. This means that one has to control the state of happiness buy identifying the different characteristics of identifying the good and doing it. This helps to maintain the different state of one to attain the good. The theory he uses is based on refining oneself position and what one is able to think about the happiness. He is able to show that living well which is able to lead to the happiness is a state of doing something and not simply a state or a condition which one is able to attain. In these entire factors, Aristotle is able to show that the soul is critical in attaining the happiness and ensuring that the human good is attained[8]. He is able to add that the lifelong activities and virtues of the rational part of the soul are able to play a critical role in attaining the state of living well and ensuring happiness is at tained. In addition, Aristotle is able to add that the clear road to happiness is also coupled with other factors such as friends, wealth and power. He argues that if one is lacking these supportive [9]components, the state of happiness is usually endangered. The major question, which he is able to raise in this argument, is why it has to be like that while the state of happiness is controlled by the soul. He is able to note that the state of happiness will only diminish when the supply of these goods is absent which are able to lead to attaining of a virtuous activity. This means that the supportive parts of attaining the happiness are key in the human good[10]. They help to support the state of soul in attaining the happiness. In my view, the human good depend on ethics which are able to guide the human life and functioning. The supportive ethical characters are as well important to enhance the functioning of human good in the society. Moreover, the way Aristotle supports the happiness and living good will at time require the good fortunes which can lead to the excellence in human being state of happiness. In conclusion, he is able to set out that the state of highest good does not come by chance and requires one to work out in order to attain the state and this is the truth of achieving a happy life. In conclusion, Aristotle is able to offer his own account of what is composed in human good and the requirement of attaining that status. In his argument, it is clear that the state is worked out by the individual and does not only come by chance. In addition, supportive requirements are in many cases needed to help attain the happiness status of the soul. Ethics and virtues are able to play a bigger role for the state of soul to attain the happiness and leading to the human good. Moreover, wealth, friends and health are other key factors which are coupled together to enhance the state of soul to attained this required state of happiness. Bibliography Kraut, Richard, Aristotle's Ethics, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta(ed.), URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=aristotle-ethics Lawrence, Gavin. "Human Good and Human Function." (2008): 37-75. Print. Hughes, Gerard J. Routledge Guidebook to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2013. Print. White, Stephen A. Sovereign Virtue: Aristotle on the Relation between Happiness and Prosperity. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1992. Print. Hutchins, Robert M, and Mortimer J. Adler. The Great Ideas Today. Chicago: Encyclopdia Britannica, 1961. Internet resource. Flaman, Paul J. P. "Evolution, the Origin of Human Persons, and Original Sin: Physical Continuity with an Ontological Leap." The Heythrop Journal. 57.3 (2016): 568-583. Print Strauss, D.F.M. "Are Distinct Societal Spheres a Threat to Human Freedom? the Fruitfulness of the Principle of Sphere Sovereignty." Journal for Christian Scholarship = Tydskrif Vir Christelike Wetenskap. 49 (2013): 185-204. Print. May, Hope. Aristotle's Ethics: Moral Development and Human Nature. London: Continuum, 2010. Print.

Person of Influence free essay sample

I’m four. And I’ve spent the first three summers of my life on the boat. Watching my dad ski like a professional, I yearn to ski. The slalom effortlessly cuts through the glass-like water—my dad makes it look easy. Then, he climbs into the boat: â€Å"Tor, what did you think?† I flash a grin and give him two thumbs up. â€Å"Now it’s your turn.† Within an hour, I’m skiing. My family cheers, but I focus in on my dad. His voice shouts, â€Å"Way to go, champ!† I’m eight-years-old. I’m waiting behind the blocks before my first, 200 individual medley. I’m scared. This is the longest race I’ve swam. I’m going to disqualify. My dad and I look at each other—he knows my nerves. He comes to calm me down: â€Å"You’re going to be fine, bud.† Tears start to well. â€Å"I know you can do this, and you do too. We will write a custom essay sample on Person of Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Go out there and show ‘em what you got.† The race starts and, before I know it, it’s over. My dad waits, arms wide for a victory-hug. I’m thirteen- years-old. â€Å"We have to go where the work is, Tori,† my dad says, trying to console me. He’s leaving for Cleveland for the first time. But more trips will follow. Five days a week for the next year, the person who I go to for everything will be 500 miles away. It will be a year of Sunday night hugs goodbye before his 4 a.m. flight. It will be a year of dad traveling. But my dad made that choice for me, knowing I don’t want move away from the place I call home. I’m seventeen-years-old. A familiar time has returned. This time, the work is in New Jersey. But I’m more mature and realize what he does is best for our family. The nights I spend at the pool or stuck in a pile homework make his absence less noticeable—but it doesn’t make them less painful. It†™s a Wednesday night and the first swim meet of my senior season. Dad is in New Jersey and mom is in the stands. My mom comes over to say good luck, and a familiar face stands behind her. I can’t hide my excitement—I give him a hug, not caring I’m in a wet swimming suit. I swim my first race at a season’s best time. â€Å"That was great, bud! You smoked them. You made it look easy,† he says smiling and giving me two thumbs up as I walk back to the team area. My dad makes being away, working hard and sacrifice look easy. But I know it’s not. Some weeks, it’s five days and four cities, and then he’s right back at it the next week. But no matter where he is, he’s still able to find time for my mom, my sister and me—and this is only a small reason why he’s the most amazing dad and best friend.

How Diversity Makes Us Smarter Professor Ramos Blog

How Diversity Makes Us Smarter Kourtnie Terry Melody Palma Karen Arenas English 010 5:00 p.m. How Diversity Makes Us Smarter For many years, research by Scientists, Psychologists, Sociologists and Economists has shown that socially diverse groups (race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation) are more creative and advanced than average unvaried groups. Science has also shown that typically, diverse groups are far more proficient than homogenous groups, by adding in their own opinions on things like from solving problems or the production of artistic work they obtain a more efficient comprehension of subjects. This is because people with different backgrounds can offer distinct and unique perspectives to other people which can also help them gain knowledge from individuals with various backgrounds. There are many advantages and benefits with social interaction from different or disparate individuals. There are a lot of advantages that come with meeting certain individuals, although research has shown that social diversity in groups can also cause discomfort, a lack of trust, conflicts, lower communication s, and other issues, it can also allow an enhancement in creativity and bring out knowledge within one another. When divergent individuals come together to brainstorm or solve problems, they bring out different information and offer different perspectives on particular topics because the social distinction within people can help you gain awareness and assimilation of one’s culture, their perspective and past experiences. Diversity provokes thoughts and emotions in people allowing them to perform more efficiently. Research has shown that diversity appears to lead to higher-quality scientific research. Scientists have also found that papers that have been written by more diverse groups have shown more citations and have a higher impact on people. Homogeneous groups are sometimes convinced that since they share the same beliefs and understand one another’s perspectives, they will accomplish more and be able to perform or problem solve in a more efficient or productive way . In most cases, people tend to work harder both socially and intellectual when emerged in diverse environments. By considering other alternatives, you are promoting hard work and creativity. Research shows that homogenous groups are less likely to be successful in certain activities, on the other hand diverse groups tend to accomplish more at a sufficient rate. When a group of diverse individuals come together it has been shown that they have a greater understanding on a wide variety of topics because they are getting different opinions and perspectives. When more people with different backgrounds and experiences gather, their work has a higher impact on their ethic skills. By having individuals from different backgrounds come together it can encourage others to achieve a greater goal and be more successful. By forming a diverse group you can learn more about others and their upbringing and that can help open your mind to other opportunities. I feel diverse groups can help you learn more and expand your knowledge of things. Do you think that diverse groups help you become successful and have a better understanding of things? Reference: Katherine W. Phillips, October 1, 2014, Scientific America, Policy Ethics, â€Å"Being around people who are different from us makes us more creative, more diligent and harder-working† https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-diversity-makes-us-smarter/

Please answer the four questions about marketing Research Paper

Please answer the four questions about marketing - Research Paper Example Thirdly, each of the exchanging parties has to exude confidence in the value of the items exchanged. For instance, when purchasing a vehicle, the customer has to have confidence that the vehicle would perform beyond their expectations and offer the required utility. Lastly, r both parties have to meet the high expectations as a way to build trust in the transaction, in addition to making the marketing activity successful. A recent marketing exchange that I participated recently was purchasing a mobile phone recently. In the transaction, I had to visit a local distributor dealing in some of the leading phone brands, which actualized the first requirement of a marketing exchange; two parties have to be involved in the exchange. Secondly, I was attracted to the mobile phone due to its enhanced functionality, which promised to be of much value. In this case, I was confident that the phone could satisfy my needs while the distributor would be satisfied by having a piece of his stocks sold at a profit. Thirdly, I was very confident that after reviewing the phone and listening to earlier users, the phone could deliver more value to exceed my satisfaction as I had been disappointed by some earlier models. Lastly, I had to bargain to get the best possible price for the best product, while we finally settled on the last price with each of us meeting and exceeding the expectations. As a result, we established a strong buyer-seller relationship that would be considered for another transaction in the future. Q.2 In strategic planning, an organization sets its mission, goals and a corporate strategy that guides in all its operations until establishment of a sound marketing plan to seal transactions. As such, Pride & Ferrell (2012) detailed the important components to be considered in strategic planning. The first step involves identification of the organization’s strengths,

'How has the study of literature changed over the last 100 years' Essay

'How has the study of literature changed over the last 100 years' - Essay Example Literature had and always will define the life style of people in any nation at all. It used to be written by people who felt for the society, who wanted to improve the society or define the society’s good points and bad points. They were also the ones understood the need of the society. The people of the societies, usually American, and English in general were the ones who used to like parties, and social dinners. They usually were people who lived in the countryside, were ruled by the kings and queens, fought wars on the horses, were pirates, sailed in ships for long journeys lasting for days, liked romance, long walks on the grass in the evening, horse-riding, playing the piano, writing and reading poetry, and dancing. They were also the people who ballet danced. Quite a handful was able to go to educational institutions – colleges and universities. War was prevalent in most of the countries and continents over the capture of land power and wealth. These wars were fo ught on horse- backs, with swords and spears, and took days and days on end to end. The people who went to war had little or no hope of returning. And the people who stayed back awaited their return without hope. There was no contact or correspondence during that time-frame. People had to wait days for a letter to arrive. And to feel connected many wrote and read literature which described to them, battles and sea, and different places, just so they would feel connected and belonging. All these events gave rise to the fashion of writing and reading literature and poetry, ads the society was taken over by pain, loss, hurt, wait, anticipation , romance, tranquility, so almost of the accounts were written down so people would entertain themselves in time of loneliness and pain. These account of literature and poetry defined it all to them. The lonely housewives and the growing up teenage girls used to read romance novels and it used to help them fantasize about a prince charming that w ould come one day and lift them off their feet and sweep them away with him. The sailors used to study literature on their time away from home so that they didn’t feel the absence of home and their wives. All this was provided to them via literature. With the passage of time the people who went to the universities and colleges discovered new ways of communication. The telephone was discovered and was becoming common-place. People now did not have to wait for days o talk to loved ones. Literature was now only left to describe places and romance and battles. Soon the telephone turned into hand held cell-phones, and alongside, the computer technology came into being. People relied less and less on literature to tell them about battles. The computer became abundant and the people found it easy to what videos from all around the world, instead of reading them from a book. Social parties were growing lesser as the class of rich people started to fall in number and blended into the middle class. People did not go for long wars, too far off places. Wars were also not fought on horse backs and certainly not with any swords and knives, but instead with nuclear numbs. These were, very literally, machines of death. So much so that people did not like to write or read about it. Literature was now only limited to romance. By the turn of the century, electronic media became the soul of the people. Whatever was required was found either on a computer, or on a high-speed internet cable, or in a smart-phone. People who liked to

Dog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dog - Essay Example Another fundamental difference that would be exhibited from the perspective of the dog would be the way in which emotions, speech, and communication is understood. Naturally, due to the limited vocabulary that most dogs understand, the level to which they can make sense out of the hundreds, even thousands of sounds that humans make is also limited. Such a drawback actually compounds the level of confusion that they animals face within the current world. However, one cannot simply focus upon the drawbacks that living within a dog’s body would portend; there are also a great many strengths and abilities that one would gain by having all of the abilities that canines have. For instance, the first of these would be the speed and agility which many breads exhibit as a function of the way they run, jump, and play. Naturally, having four legs would greatly improve the speed, agility, and stability that one would experience as a simple human. Similarly, when one considers the extraordinarily strong sense of hearing and smell that dogs exhibit, one can only begin to imagine the level of advantage that this would give with reference to being able to experience what a highly attuned and accentuated senses would feel like. Sadly, all of the senses that one would experience within the body of a dog would not be accentuated as the fact of the matter is that many scientists have proven that the visual capabilities of dogs are severely limited as compared to that which humans can ultimately boast. Of course thus far this analysis has simply focused upon the key areas of difference and divergence that humans and dogs would have. However, the more important factor is if one were trapped in the body of a dog they would necessarily be highly interested in the way in which humans viewed them as living and worthy of life. Whereas

The Key Procurement Issues For The Client Construction Essay

The Key Procurement Issues For The Client Construction Essay The purpose of this report is to analyse the key procurement issues for the Client Cinnamon Grand and to further evaluate the Clients objectives. Analysis of Clients objectives will be evaluated to provide a better understanding on the project issues and main concerns, which includes an analysis of the various procurement routes such as the Traditional Route, the Design Build Route and the Management Route to weigh the most suitable route to suit the Clients objectives. The report will allow the Client to make a better choice in selecting the best procurement route based on the recommendations discussed. This includes the advantages, disadvantages and risks involved for the 3 main procurement routes based on Clients objectives. It will identify issues on the project requirements on quality, time and costs ensuring the Clients objectives are met. INTRODUCTION The Client owns a large chain of hotels called Cinnamon Grand. The hotels provide guests with comfortable accommodation throughout the UK. Their main business includes adopting neglected historical landmarks and refurbishes the building to their former magnificent look. Although the Client is experienced at renovation of historical buildings, the Client does not have much experience in re-constructing damaged buildings or alteration works to the structures of the building. The project objective is to re-construct 3 Hotels, damaged by a period of bad weather and severe storms to an existing hotel quality or better. These Hotels are located in prime locations in town settings which means time is of the essence. For phase 1, time is the main priority due to the prime locations of the hotels. The opportunity cost will be incurred if there are any delays in phase 1. For phase 2, issues raised are the quality of the facilities and to ensure there is none or minimal disruption to the business. As the Consultant to the Client, we will discuss the 3 main procurement routes which are the Traditional Route, the Design Build Route and the Management Route and analyse the best route based on the Clients objective. CLIENTS OBJECTIVES Client is concern about the duration of the project and its quality. Internal facilities must be upgraded and reconstruction of building must preserve the historical outlook of the existing building. Although the Client has experience in renovation works, the current project development includes the demolition of structures and re-construction of hotels both external and internally. Projects done by Client previously is different in nature, one being renovation works, minor construction works and current is a complex re-construction and refurbishment of the damaged hotels. The project consists of 2 (two) phases:- Phase 1 is to re-construct the hotels outlook and structures and completing key areas for operation which are the Roofs, Guest Rooms, Restaurant and Swimming Pools. Expected date of possession of site by contractor is 1st Mar 2014 and expected construction completion date is 28th February 2015, a 1 year construction. Planned re-opening on 1st April 2015. Phase 2 is to enhance the hotels with new facilities such as Dance Studios, Health Fitness Centre, Conference and Meeting Rooms without any disruption to hotel operations. The Client is very concern about the duration of the project due to the location, a prime town setting which means, if the hotels completes early, the losses incur from no business days or opportunity cost will be lesser. The second concern is the quality of the building. Outlook must be the same as before being damaged, structurally must be improved to increase building total life cycle. While time and quality is of the main concern, the cost of the project must not exceed the budget of $120 million pounds for total of 3 hotels. The cost certainty must be known earliest possible. PROCUREMENT ISSUES The procurement issues are listed below:- No in-house executive by the client, means the Client have to engage consultants to oversee the project. Highly concerned about possible project delays and overrun of costs. Financial loan of $120 million pounds acquired for project. This means there is a tight budget, so cost certainty is required before the construction begins. Works in phase 2 must be done quickly to minimise the discomfort to guests. Quality of building should be high and sensitive to ensure the dignity of the building and services provided are not compromise. Every procurement route have its main priorities, no procurement can accommodate to the three main factors which are Time, Cost and Quality. PROCUREMENT ROUTES Traditional route: in this route the Client appoints a team of consultants to design and prepare tender documents. The process is in sequence as shown in Fig 1. The selection of a main contractor is done later through tendering. Fig 1 Advantages are the competitive tendering, low preparation cost for tendering, procedures are known widely and variations are easily arranged. Disadvantages are mainly the long timeline, no concurrent work at site, incomplete design results in less certainty, poor build-ability due to contractor not involved during design stage, risk by Client for the design. Risks on cost are low due to lump sum contract and there is a fixed contract date with exception that contractor claims extensions. Since the design is designed by the consultants, there is low design and quality risk. Although the Traditional route is sequential, there are 2 other variations. They are the traditional accelerated and traditional with re-measurement. For the Traditional accelerated, the contractor is appointed earlier based on partial design and brief through negotiation or competitive tendering. Traditional routes focus on the cost and the quality of the project. In this case, for the current project, time is of the essence. Traditional route is not suitable for the project. Design and Build route: in this route a main contractor is appointed to design and construct the project. This route integrates design and construction which means, the construction works are concurrent even before final design is completed as shown in Fig 2. This quickens the timeline of the project. Fig 2 Advantages of this route are the client liaises with a single point of communication and responsibility. The price certainty is known before the construction starts. The total project duration is shorter than in the traditional route as works are done concurrently with design. Disadvantages are there is no design overview because it is designed by the contractor. The design brief by client must be adequate and the bid through tender is difficult to compare. Changes made by client can be expensive. Risk on cost and time are low as it will be on a lump sum basis and works are done to a fix time. There is a high risk in design and quality as the contractor controls the design and some contractors do not have the capacity to carry out the proper design. Although the design is mostly done by contractor, variants such as Develop construct can be considered to improve design. In develop construct route the employer appoints a consultant at the initial stage to develop a detailed design to have more control on the design. Assuming the Client have the detailed design drawing for the existing building, this option is the most suitable for the project. Management route: this route consists of 2 variant, The Management Contracting and The Construction Management route. In this route, the Client appoints the Management Contractor at an early stage where they help to design and contribute management expertise. The appointments of sub-contractors/specialist contractor are decided by both the Client and Management Contractor before work commencement in packages, as shown in Fig 3. Fig 3 Advantages are the work packages of specialist contractors are competitive, due to the concurrent works, timeline will be quickened. Late changes can easily be accommodated and the relationship between the Client and the Management Contractor is much closer than in traditional. Disadvantages are the cost prediction, the need for a good project team and a quality brief. The design must be managed properly to ensure work packages is kept on programme. Risks are low for design and quality due to close link between client and contractor but medium risk for cost and time as the amount is known after the last package is let. This route is longer compared to design and build and require a good history between client and contractor. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the Clients objectives, the Design Build variant (Develop Construct) is the most suitable for the project. This procurement route does not need an in-house executive as a consultant will be in-charge of developing the design of the project. Assuming Client has the design of the existing 3 hotels, the design for the structure is acquired and project can commence as early as a contractor is appointed, shorter timeline. The cost of the project will be known before the work commences and the quality of building will not be compromise due to existing design by Client and additional inputs by the design team for the phase 2 of the project. The quality of phase 2 will be based on design worked by the Client specifications and the design team, ensuring good quality facilities.

Analysis of Alexander Popes An Essay on Man -- Pope An Essay on Man

Analysis of Alexander Pope's An Essay on Man    There are three main issues that Pope talks about in his long poem "An Essay on Man." First, the poet evokes a timeless vision of humanity in which the universe is connected to a great chain that extends from God to the tiniest form of life. Secondly, Pope discusses God's plan in which evil must exist for the sake of the greater good, a paradox not fully understandable by human reason. Thirdly, the poem accuses human beings of being proud and impious. Pope feels that man claims more insight into the nature of existence then he possesses. In "An Essay on Man" Pope is trying to make clear the relationship of humanity to the universe, himself, society and also to happiness. He states "For me health gushes from a thousand springs; seas roll to waft me suns to light- me rise; My footstool earth my canopy the skies" (330). Pope implies that the universe is created for man's pleasures and needs and so therefore we are all connected to the chain of universal order. Through this connection man realizes that all are part of one stupendous whole. He then suggests that this order extends further then we know; any interference with it could destroy the whole. Pope asks in the poem,   "Is the greater chain, that draws all to agree,   upheld by God or thee?" (327). Here he explains that by conforming to the order of the universe we can all agree on and connect to one goal. Through this connection, we would then reach the purest form of humanity. The belief in this poem is that although things do not turn out well for some individuals, everything falls into place in the great chain of the universe. In the long run everything works out for the best, Pope argues. Because humanity is ignor... ...m with these words: "Whatever is, is right" (333). This implies that things are done or happen for a reason. When humanity tries to change things for individual gain rather than the improvement of the whole it weakens the chain, which in turn affects the rest of the universe. I believe we are all individuals who are connected to a higher power, whatever that power may be. The beauty of humanity is exactly that individuality. I agree with Pope in the sense that we are all connected somehow, but I do not agree with total submission in order to achieve total unity. Rather than total submission, I believe our mission is to connect with the universe by using the special gifts given to us by the power that unites us. Works Cited   Pope, Alexander. "Essay on Man." Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces 6th ed. Ed. Maynard Mack et.al. New York: Norton, 1992. 326-333

Managing & Enhancing Care in Rapidly Changing & Complex Situations Leadership Essay

Introduction to the folder of Evidence This assignment is an analysis of my leadership development though my training, and to assist me to adapt from a student nurse to a staff nurse confidently. This, along with an action plan (appendix 1) is completed though out my module 8 placement in accident and emergency. My leadership skills are developed by shadowing my mentor whilst she is in charge of shifts for 3 weeks, as well as accurately and confidently handing over patients to other members of the multi-disciplinary team. In this setting, skills such as communication, decision making, prioritising care and time management are necessary, therefore this placement has assisted me in developing those skills. This assignment relates to learning outcome 2-Utilise a range of therapeutic approaches and problem solving skills when planning, implementing and evaluating care to enhance quality of life for patients and carers, 3- Utilise effective coaching skills in the support of patients, carers and less experienced colleagues, and 4- Analyse and develop professional care, management and leadership roles within the context of multidisciplinary and collaborative care delivery in meeting health and social care needs for patients with increasing levels of dependency. (MSG, 2011) I will develop my leadership skills by shadowing her whilst she is triaging patients, in charge of shifts, and when she is handing over, along with accurate communication skills. Though out the placement, I will gain feedback from my mentor on my progress in order to help me to achieve sufficient leadership skills. Introduction The aim of this reflective account is to analyse leadership skills that have been developed throughout my module 8 placement in Accident and Emergency. I will debate the motives for my choice of actions, and evaluate the extent which it has enabled me to improve my leadership skills. I will discuss what I have discovered about my leadership skills, how I’ve developed as a leader, and what effect this has on the care given to my patients. This assignment, in collaboration with the practise assessment document, will assist me in identifying skills developed, with significance to learning outcomes 2, 3, and 4. The identified skills along with leadership literature will be evaluated using the Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988) which comprises of description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action plan. There are many definitions of leadership, such as being a ‘’function of knowing yourself, having a vision that is well communicated, building trust among colleagues, and taking effective action to realize your own leadership potential ‘’. (Bennis, 1959), ‘Leadership involves the use of interpersonal skills to influence others to accomplish a specific goal.’ (Sullivan and Garland, 2010). All of these definitions gave me a great idea of leadership, and allowed me to choose an aspect of leadership skills within my placement. This allowed me to focus on my leadership skills whilst making decisions in the clinical setting. Clinical decision-making is a process that nurses undertake on a daily basis when they make judgements about the care that they provide to patients and management issues. (Banning, 2007). NMC 2008 states that you must ‘‘Provide a high standard of practice and care at all times’’. This reflective account is also based on my leadership skills whilst leading handover. Clinical handover refers to the transfer of information from one health care provider to another when a patient has a change of location or venue of care, and/or when the care of/responsibility for that patient shifts from one provider to another (ACSQHC, 2005). The NMC (2008) states that ‘’you should be aware of, and develop, your ability to communicate effectively within teams. The way you record information and communicate is crucial. Other people will rely on your records at key communication points, especially during handover, referral and in shared care.’’ Stage 1: Description of the event Decision making plays an important role in the A&E department. This determines the care each patient receives. My mentor asked me to triage a patient in the minors department. No names are mentioned in this piece in order to respect dignity and privacy as stated by the NMC (2008). I began to triage a 29 year old female who presented with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. This patient was 7 weeks pregnant. As I was assessing the patient I noticed that she was hypotensive at a blood pressure of 95/65. Following this, I informed my mentor of my patient and my findings. Following a discussion with my mentor, we decided that this patient was high priority. Whilst my mentor inserted a cannula and took bloods, I was given the responsibility of allocating the patient to a bed. Following the discussion with my mentor, I felt that it was necessary to place the patient in majors, and on a monitor bed. As this was being put into action, my mentor and I noticed that all monitored beds were tak en up. I then had to liaise with the nurse in charge to decide if all patients on the monitored beds were required to stay on monitors. After organising a monitor bed for the patient, I then bleeped the gynecologist on call for further advice. After the patient was assessed by other members of the multi-disciplinary team, it was decided that the patient was to be admitted for further tests, as the gynecologist was querying an ectopic pregnancy. My mentor then allowed me to liaise with the bed manager to organise a bed on a suitable ward for the patient. After a bed was arranged, I then escorted the patient to the ward and gave a full handover to the nurses under my mentors supervision. Handover is another very important aspect of communication in the clinical setting, as it ensures the correct information is given to the nurse, and therefore, care for the patient will be organized accurately. Stage 2: Feelings When my mentor allocated me to triage patients, I felt that I was given a lot of responsibility. Porterfield (1999) states that empowering employees is an important part of employee development and can in turn produce a higher level of employee satisfaction. I questioned my ability to assess to as I was not used to this level of responsibility. I mentioned this to my mentor and she reassured me by discussing what assessment tools to use, and  mentioning that she and the rest of the nursing team were there for any guidance throughout the assessment. Once the patient was assessed and allocated to majors, I felt quite confident in my decision making skills. My mentor mentioned that I had triaged the patient successfully and competently and this was very reassuring. As I continued care for the patient, I became to feel more confident in the care I was providing. After a clinical decision was made and the patient was to be handed over to the nursing staff on the ward, I felt slightly nervous in regards to ensuring the correct and accurate information is being given to the staff, as well as the essential information in regards to the patient. As I proceeded to begin handover, I became more confident as I had been with this patient since the beginning, and had a good insight to the care that was given and the care that was to be given. I gave the nurses a full handover in regards to the patient, including what examinations were carried out and the results of the examinations, and what the patient is required in order to keep comfortable. I also mentioned that this was the patient’s first pregnancy and reassurance is vital. Following handover, my mentor gave me feedback on how I handed over the patient. We discussed my communication skills, and my mentor mentioned that I gave an accurate and well-spoken handover, and mentioned all relevan t information in regards to the patient. After receiving that feedback, I felt that my style of leadership tailed was transformational. Stage 3: Evaluation Leaders are often described as being visionary, equipped with strategies, a plan and desire to direct their teams and services to a future goal (Mahoney, 2001). Decision making is a fundamental element of nursing, and is essential to understand. (Reilly, 2003). By my mentor allowing me to make clinical decisions on patient care, leadership skills whilst making decisions were put into practice. With the support of my mentor and all the staff, I was able to analyze clinical situations and make a decision based on best practice, as well as evidence based practice. By gaining feedback from peers, it allowed me to evaluate how effective my decision making and communication skills were. Communication can be identified as a vast field with the nursing setting. (Donnelly and Neville, 2008). Throughout handover, my delivery of information was accurate and precise, and the level  of communication between the nursing staff receiving handover from I was approached to in a professional manner. I feel that, throughout the experience, my confidence levels were low and adverse. Dao (2008) states that self-confidence is the fundamental basis from which leadership grows. Although, I received positive feedback from peers, being given such important tasks made me doubt my competency as a nurse. Stage 4: Analysis The Gibbs et al (1988) reflective model encourages the analysis stage to break down the event into its components so they can be explored separately. In order to analyze, becoming aware of the variety of learning theories and styles will assist in evaluating. Timmins (2006) states that critical analysis should analyse current practice along with examining the research base of practice and exploring theories that update nursing. I feel by exploring various leadership styles, I achieved this throughout my placement. An effective leader should be able to adopt, either consciously or unconsciously, various leadership styles in various situations (Bennett et al. 2010). By approaching the range of leadership theories, I feel that I have obtained the transformational leadership technique. Transformational leadership style is made up of 4 elements, Idealized influence, Inspirational motivation, Intellectual stimulation, and Individual consideration. In comparison, Transactional leadership style is made up of 2 elements, Contingent Reward and management by exception. Aarons (2006) states transformational leadership inspires and motivates followers, whereas transactional leadership is based more on reinforcement and exchanges. I feel that I built a professional relationship with not only my mentor, but with other colleagues in the department, and had the support necessary to assist me in making decisions and handing over. In terms of patient’s safety, accurate decision making and hand over is an essential. The NMC (2008) states that you must ‘’provide a high standard of practice and care at all times’’. By obtaining a transformational leadership style, this ensures that whilst decision making, that all decisions are made with rationale and in the best interest of the patient. When handing information of care of patients over to colleagues, effective co-ordination and communication is essential. Clinical decision-making is a complex activity that requires practitioners to be knowledgeable in relevant aspects of  nursing, To have access to reliable sources of information and appropriate patient care networks and to work in a supportive environment. (O’Neill, Dluhy & Chin, 2005). However, although being supervised whilst making decisions and handing over, I was expected to do these tasks independently and professionally, and based on the best interest of the patient. This allowed me to gain further insight to the transition of student nurse to staff nurse. Stage 5: Conclusion In conclusion I feel the time I spent working within the Accident and Emergency team facilitated greatly in assisting me to develop my leadership skills. The stated event reflected best shows how I incorporated two aspects of my new leadership skills. I feel by studying the styles and skills involved in leadership I gained a good knowledge of leadership styles which I presented during my time here. I received feedback from my mentors and colleagues in regards to the skills, which have given me confidence to practice these skills in the future as a staff nurse. I have come to realise that a variety of leadership styles of leading best work in a hospital setting. In the future I will strive to further develop my leadership skills. Stage 6- Action Plan I plan to continue developing my leadership skills by observing and taking part in handover throughout the rest of my placements. I also hope to continue developing my decision making skills by shadowing my mentor and other colleagues throughout triaging and deciding patient care. As a self-regulated learner, I plan to gain feedback from both mentors and colleagues and focus on areas of further development. REFERENCES Aarons, G. (2006). Transformational and Transactional Leadership: Association With Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice. . 57 (8), 1162-1169. ACSQHC- Passing the baton of care – a patient relay – May 2005. Available. http://www.sswahs.nsw.gov.au/pdf/policy/gl2007002.pdf. Last accessed 17 May 2012. Banning, M. (2007). A review of clinical decision making: models and current research. J. Clinical Nursing. Available at http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/1395/1/2005-0319%20R2.pdf. Accessed 26 May 2012. Bennett, C., Perry, J., Lapworth, T. (2010) Leadership skills for nurses working in the criminal justice system. Nursing Standard. 24 (40), p.35-40. Bennis WG (1959) Leadership Theory and Administrative Behavior: The Problem of Authority. Admin Sci Q 4(2): 259–301 Bennis W. (1999). The Leadership Advantage. Available: http://www.hr-newcorp.com/articles/bennis_Leaders.pdf. Last accessed 26th May 2012 Dao, F. (2008). Without Confidence, There is No Leadership. Available: http://www.inc.com/resources/leadership/articles/20080301/dao.html. Last accessed 29 May 2012. Donnelly, E, Neville, L. (2008) Communication and Interpersonal Skills, p4 Reflect Press Ltd Publishing. Gibbs, G. (1998) Learning by doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford centre for staff and learning development. London Further Education Unit. Polytechnic, Oxford Mahoney, J. (2001) Leadership skills for the 21st century. Journal of Nursing Management; 9: 5, 269-271. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The Code: Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics for Nurses and Midwives. www.nmc-uk.org O’Neill, E.S., Dluhy, N.C. & Chun, E. (2005). Modelling novice clinical reasoning for a computerised decision support system. J. Advanced Nursing, 49, 1: 68-77 Potterfield, Thomas A. (1999) The Business of Employee Empowerment: Democracy and Ideology in the Workplace. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. Riley, M. E. (2003), Removing chest drains – a critical reflection of a complex clinical decision. Nursing in Critical Care, 8: 212–221. Sullivan EJ, Garland G (2010), Practical Leadership and Management in Nursing. Pearson Education Limited,Harlow T immins, F. (2006) Critical practice in nursing care: analysis, action and reflexivity. Nursing Standard, 20 (39), p.49-54.

Human Cloning1 essays

Human Cloning1 essays And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrilsthe breath of life; and man became a livingsoul . . . and He took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; and the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made He a woman and brought her unto man. Human cloning is becoming one of the most controversial topics of our time. With recent technological breakthroughs, whole new fields are opening with amazing possibilities. Despite the great advantages that cloning can offer humanity, there are just as many negative aspects of the technology, which have given way to large anti-cloning groups who are gaining ground as to the future of this awesome power. In truth, cloning could very well be the best, or worst thing ever to happen to mankind. The possibilities of human cloning are vast indeed, but research in the area has been dramatically restricted in the United States and in some other countries. Pro-life groups that oppose free access to abortion have considerable political power, and were able to have all human embryo research banned by the Reagan and Bush administrations in most of the 1980s and the 1990s (religoustolerance). Although the ban was lifted during the first days of Bill Clintons presidency, in 1997 he sent a bill to congress marked immediate consideration and prompt enactment stating that it would be illegal to create a human clone whether in private or public laboratories. Along with the US ban, nineteen European countries including Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Moldova, Sweden, Macedonia, and Turkey, signed a protocol that would commit their countries to ban by law any intervention seeking to create human beings genetically identical to another hum an being, whether living or dead. It rules out any exception to the ban, even in the case of a completely sterile cou...

Images of the Evangelist Matthew in the Book of Durrow and the Colbertinus Codex Faith and Devotion for the Evangelist

Images of the Evangelist Matthew in the Book of Durrow and the Colbertinus Codex Faith and Devotion for the Evangelist Introduction Although apparently quite different in sophistication and complexity as pieces of art, the Man, Symbol of St. Matthew, from the Book of Durrow and St. Matthew from the Codex Colbertinus share a common origin in intense faith. These two images of portray the same religious figure from three hundred years apart. They reveal the same devotion to the scripture and the faith that inspired them. Both use the best techniques available to them to glorify and invest with meaning and seriousness the role and person of Matthew the Evangelist.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Images of the Evangelist Matthew in the Book of Durrow and the Colbertinus Codex: Faith and Devotion for the Evangelist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Identification of the work of art Unknown artist. The Man: the symbol for St. Matthew, from the Book of Durrow, latter half of the 7th century, CE. Ink and tempura on parchment. Description of t he work of art The 7th century image of St. Matthew in the Book of Durrow depicts a male figure with pale hair and what appears to be a beard or sideburns. He is wrapped from neck to ankles in a heavily decorated cloak. His feet appear sideways, in the manner of ancient Egyptian representations of the legs and feet, making it very clear that these are feet, and not something else. The figure of Matthew is surrounded by elaborate scrolls, evocative of vining plants but not specifically depicting any plant. They are familiar to anyone who has purchase a piece of jewelry labeled as Celtic, and similar designs appear in sculpted crosses from the same period and before and after in the British Isles. The dominant colors appear to be red, black, gold, or what passes for gold and white or off-white. The condition of this page is good, but there appear to be missing areas of color in the scrolling. A reconstruction suggests that there was a lot more green in the scrolling and in the cloak d ecoration. The overall size of the page is roughly 9 5/8 x 6 1/8, or equivalent to a modern trade book. The image is executed in ink and tempura on parchment, meaning that the surface could be sheep, calf, or goat skin. The tempura, a mixture of pigments and egg yolk, was typical of the period. One might infer that the outline was drawn in ink and then filled in with tempura colors. The Book of Durrow is now housed at Trinity College, in Dublin, Ireland. However, its source may have been elsewhere, for example in the ancient Christian center on the isle of Iona. Such texts were precious, and could have been looted or given as a gift over the centuries.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Identification of the work of art Unknown artist. St. Matthew from the Codex Colbertinus. 11th to 12th century, CE. Tempura on vellum (calf skin). Description of the work of art The fig ure of Matthew appears under an arch supported by columns. He wears a cloak, and his feet are bare, but depicted as seen from the front. He holds up a forefinger and thumb with one hand, and a book in the other. His pose, his wide open eyes, perfectly arched eyebrows, suggestion of a top-knot, and the neck folds are reminiscent of early depictions of the Gautama Buddha. His archway, which appears to evoke Roman architecture, and is in front of what seems to be a basilica style church, stands next to the letter L. This begins the Gospel of Matthew, the first words of which are â€Å"Liberi generationis†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This phrase refers to the genealogy that the writer of this account of the life of Jesus then proceeds to list at length. The purpose of the genealogy is to connect Jesus, the son of Joseph and Mary, to the patriarchs and founders of the Jewish people. It also foreshadows the fulfillment of scripture that Matthew emphasizes so heavily in describing the events in Jesusâ⠂¬â„¢ life. The letter L contains many smaller figures, some of them fantastical, others perhaps simply ill-informed. There appear to be figures of a swan, a leopard, a dog, flowers and seed pods, a naked man, a man in parti-colored hose, raptor birds, and additional canidae. The prominent colors are red, blue, green, olive, white, gold, black, and variants of these. The condition of the page seems very good, although there may have been some fading in some spots. It is currently housed at the National Library of France. The manuscript is in Latin, but there is another manuscript in Greek, from Cyprus, that is sometimes referred to by the same name. Comparing and contrasting the two works The Colbertinus image of Matthew is a much more sophisticated piece of art but not one bit more heartfelt in its evocation of a historical person who was believed to have been a witness to the life of Jesus. While the Durrow image inevitably reminds a modern viewer of the strategies for representin g the human figure that are adopted by very young children, the careful decoration shows the evidence of a devoted hand. Thus, they both reflect a deep faith in the scripture underlying the image.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Images of the Evangelist Matthew in the Book of Durrow and the Colbertinus Codex: Faith and Devotion for the Evangelist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The composition of the Durrow image is apparently simpler, since it presents the viewer with a single figure in a border. The Colbertinus image’s composition, on the other hand, includes a complex background that hints at buildings, as well as the elaborate fanciful decorations within the Letter L. However, the decorative curlicues surrounding the Durrow Matthew engage the eye as thoroughly as the figures twining through the Letter L. The curlicues represent a two-dimensional version of the knot-work that the Celtic peoples of this re gion had been perfecting for centuries in textiles and in stone, among other media. The knot-work may have had a specific symbolic message that is now lost. The way that the figures of Matthew fill the space is quite different. The Colbertinus Matthew dominates his little archway, standing squarely on two feet on a carefully laid pavement, confidently and clearly offering his gospel from the backdrop of a large and complex structure. He is instantly recognizable as a teacher of something, even to the non-Christian. He is rounded, and even though the drawing is very simple, there is an attempt to depict folds and shading to signal the volume of his body. The use of shading is carried out in all the other figures, but more subtly. The Durrow Matthew, on the other hand, almost floats in the space of his vining frame. There is no background, middle ground, or foreground. There is only Matthew. He is armored by his elaborately patterned cloak. His hands are not visible. Nothing that a mo dern viewer can recognize specifically identifies him as the Evangelist. Only the traditional iconography from the Book of Revelation, placing four creatures around the throne of the deity (lion, eagle, ox, face of a man) connects him to the historical and religious character of Matthew. He almost looks, to modern eyes, as though his sideways facing feet would like to carry him off somewhere. Matthew looks intensely forward, as direct in gaze as in the Colbertinus image, but inactive. The Durrow image has no shading or indication of volume. An uncharitable assessment would term it cartoonish, but there is clearly no intention to be childish or simplistic. The eyes are intense, the mouth is determined, and the pose is upright.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The major use of light and dark is in the alternating colors in the complicated checkerboard pattern on the cloak. This gorgeously decorated cloak has the convenient of effect of signaling a special or elevated individual without requiring the artist to attempt to convey the shape of the body with the limited techniques at the artist’s command. This is a clever solution to this challenging problem. The colors in the Durrow image are more limited than those used in the Colbertinus image, perhaps reflecting the earlier artists more limited access to sophisticated pigments. However, the Durrow image uses the limited palette in varied ways, generating several different patterns of checkerboards for the cloak’s decoration. The overall contrast in color values in the Durrow image is lower. However, this may reflect deterioration of the pigments. The Colbertinus image has higher contrast, and uses a wider range of colors to depict birds, beasts, and Matthew’s clothing. There is also more sophisticated use of the background surface, which is white/off-white, to denote Matthew’s skin, the sky, and the lighter portions of the animals and flowers. There is not the variety of saturation and value within colors that one would expect in a modern painting. This is more like a kid using colors from a kit: blue is blue, green is green and red is red. There is no light blue, light green, or pink. This distinguishes the 11th century image from what we would see today. Nonetheless, overall, the Colbertinus Matthew simply appears to have more vivid impact because there are more colors. This draws the eye and accords the appropriate weight to the great Evangelist. However, there is no for lack of effort on the part of the 7th century monk who decorated the Durrow codex. The Durrow image carefully places light and dark colors next to one another to create contrast even with the very limited palette. This technique also accords gravity to the image of the Evangelist, clothed in the most decorated vestments possible. There is very little texture revealed in either image. The background and the fanciful animals and flowers in the Colbertinus image do demonstrate some texture – through hatching and suggestion of spots on the leopard and feathers on the large birds. However, the Colbertinus image of Matthew is notable for smoothness of face and skin elsewhere. The Durrow image offers even less texture, except in the decoration of the cloak. The hair is almost undifferentiated, and the face has minimal modeling. There is a suggestion of beard. The very simple nature of both images fits with the modest scale of both pieces. The artist did not choose this size – it was determined by the size of the skins for the parchment and the upper limit of weight and size for a book. The small scale makes the relative simplicity of the images tolerable. At a huge scale, these images would look to modern eyes even more cartoonish and child ish. As accompaniments to the reading of the Bible, these are eye candy, reinforcing the message of the scripture. The historical context of these two works Both the Colbertinus and Durrow images were an outgrowth of the religious atmosphere of their time. In the 7th century, the Christian religion had expanded to most of Europe. Each region had a very distinctive and fervent ‘flavor’ of Christianity, with their own decorative approach to the iconography. Thus, the Durrow image reflects Celtic knots and Matthew is as blond as any Scotsman is. The historical context of the 7th century must also include the founding of Islam. This spread swiftly throughout North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, and moved into the southern edges of Spain, Italy, Greece, and even France. Although there is no direct evidence of contact with Islam in the Durrow image, it is important to remember that from this point on, there were three great monotheistic religions in Europe, and two of them were willing to kill to defend their faith. The intense effort invested in Matthew’s image may somehow reflect this sense of embattledness. By the 11th and 12th centuries, there had been contact with the Holy Land via the Crusades to retrieve control of holy sites from Muslim control. The Middle Ages were at their height. Any deviation from the Roman Catholic faith was punishable as heresy. The Roman church was declaring itself the true heir to St. Peter, and separating itself from the Byzantine church. This confidence is reflected in image from Colbertinus. The Colbertinus image looks like a Roman wall painting, an expression of a powerful religious empire. Conclusion In both cases, religion was at the center of life, and the gospels were the central sacred texts. Both of these beautiful images convey the importance of the Evangelist, the most Jewish of the four. Each artist or team of artist has used the best materials and techniques at their disposal to impress the reader /viewer. The apparent simplicity of the Durrow image belies the artist’s effort and care taken to display through obsessive decorative detail the glory of one who lived with the one that they regarded as the Savior. The Colbertinus image lavishes all the joyous imagination of the artist on surrounding the serene and welcoming image of Matthew with the birds, beasts, and folk of the created world. Bibliography Unknown. Man, the symbol for St. Matthew: Book of Durrow. Trinity College Library, Dublin. Unknown. St. Matthew: Codex Colbertinus. The National Library of France, Paris.

We are what we choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

We are what we choose - Essay Example Logos from originates from logical, ethos represent reliability while pathos represent passion. Logos represents the logical argument. In Jeff’s speech, we can find the syllogism. Jeff is and will still be among the few who have presented a coordinated and logical speech. It is not worth listening to a speaker who jumps from one point to another without any apparent rhyme or reason. It is a deliberate move that most of the examples of lectures are fairly short and precise so that the speaker can actually focus on the main idea and not diverting his focus. Jeff’s speech is logical in the sense that he use two examples to support his point. Interestingly, syllogism is easy to evaluate in the statement, â€Å"No flying things are penguins; all the penguins are birds; so some birds are not fliers.† At the beginning of his presentation, he argues that â€Å"cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice.† Gifts are easily attainable as they are given on various occasions. Choices can be hard to attain. You can seduce yourself with your gifts if youre not careful and if you do, itll probably be to the detriment of your choices. He first talks about an instance of a story when he was a kid he proud of his minor  arithmetic and he figure out if his grandma, â€Å"at two minutes per puff, you’ve taken nine years off your life.† and his grandma crying. In this example he uses the syllogism, kindness is a choice, choice can be hard, and so kindness is hard. Indeed he refer to his grandpa saying, â€Å"Jeff, one day you’ll understand that it’s harder to be kind than clever.† This ex ample proves his opinion that cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice and sometimes cleverness might ad for us choice. â€Å"This is a group with many gifts. I’m sure one of your gift is  the  gift  of  a  smart  and  capable  brain.  Im  confident  that

BUSINESS LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BUSINESS LAW - Essay Example The Parliament of United Kingdom can make whatever laws it wishes. There are number of areas where the legal rules of the Parliament of United Kingdom are applied. Public Acts are made by the Parliament of United Kingdom, and they are related with the issues relating with the general public. On the other hand, Private Acts are those Acts that encompasses the legal structure for the private or particular institutions or individuals. Furthermore, the Acts of Parliament can be identified with the functions. For example, sometimes, the members of Parliament are required to discuss new rules, to change or amend or modify the existing legal provisions. Also, Consolidating Legislation is made to consolidate the provisions previously consisted of different Acts. It was the use of this Consolidation Legislation that created the Companies Act 2006. Case Law This type of law is created by the judges during the process of deciding cases. In the case law, there are two important doctrines. One is stare decisis or binding precedent and second is obiter dictum. Stare decisis or binding precedents are the previous decisions, which are those precedents that are needed to be followed by the courts, which are either equal or above them in the court hierarchy. The doctrine of binding precedents lies at the heart of the legal system of United Kingdom (Exam-kit, ACCA F4, 2007-08).And in the case of obiter dictum, the courts are not bound to follow them. In the legal matters, the case law are of great important and they provide sufficient amount of guidance to carry out the process of legal nature in case any legal problem is arrived. The European Union The United Kingdom is a part of the European Union. After joining the European Union, the citizens and the United Kingdom have obligation to follow the related rules of the European Union. The important areas where the rules of European Union are applied and which are relevant are: international agreements, internal treaties and inter nal protocols and the decision of the European Court of Justice. Custom Custom is a set of old laws. ‘Much of how Parliament does its business is not determined by rules but has become established through continued use over the centuries’- this is known as custom and practice (UK Parliament). These laws are followed for years. These are the local customs which have been in existence since time immemorial. There are many limitations in this source. As a result, there are less chances of this source to provide a reasonable current and future source of the contemporary law in United Kingdom. Effects of Legislation on business Legislation has some positive and some negative impacts on business. As we know there are two types of legislation- primary legislation and secondary legislation. Primary Legislation is carried out and done by the Parliament of United Kingdom. And, the Parliament has delegated the process of secondary legislation to some person or somebody, or a busin ess. Secondary legislation is also called as delegated legislation. The rules and laws made by with the help of secondary legislation have same legal force and have some legal effect as the Acts of Parliament. With the availability of delegated legislation, a business can make any rules and regulations that it finds reasonable and appropriate as long as they do not contradict with the rules and provisions of Acts of Parliament. If the rules passed with the help of

Til Death do us Part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Til Death do us Part - Essay Example This couple has a healthy and happy marriage. It has not been without conflict, but it is still a successful relationship. According to the model, Martha and Robert have gone through various stages in their relationship. Due to the time period, they probably rushed through these stages much faster than they normally would have. Marriage normally takes place during the bonding stage, which is the final stage. However, Robert was sent away during their first year of marriage. This distance caused them to have to revisit some of the earlier stages. They stayed connected through letters, which allowed them to intensify their relationship. When Robert returned, it was difficult at first. They had to learn how to live together again. The births of their two children so closely together did not allow them to spend much time together. That postponed the integrating stage until their children were grown. It was then that they began spending more time together again. Finally, when Robert retired they were able to enter the bonding stage. Although this was also difficult at first, they found a way to make it work. That they can finish each other's thoughts, and can not imagine life without the other shows that they are truly in a successful relationship. Rudy and Bill's marriage also started out quickly. They were married after only a few meetings, and Bill was sent overseas soon after their marriage began. They probably never left the experimenting stage. It is during this stage that couples find out if they should stay together or not. Had they given this more time they probably would have decided to end the relationship. When Bill returned he was a stranger to both Rudy and their son. Rather than going through the development stages again as Robert and Martha did, they seemed to move to the termination stages. Both seemed to think in terms of "me" rather than "we." This is demonstrated when Bill said he wanted things done "his way" not hers. Rudy was unhappy and wished she could stay with her parents. Bill also began spending more time with his friends and going out after work, without Rudy. These are signs that they were differentiating. The next stage is circumscribing, when communication between the couple diminishes. Certain topics are avoided, for example, Bill's dance partners. Bill and Rudy, though living together, lived very separate lives. Rudy's was home with her children, while Bill's was out with his friends. Eventually they even moved into separate rooms in the house. This is representative of the avoiding stage. The final stage would be termination, but this relationship never reached this stage. Rudy believed that divorce was never an option, and her unhappiness not important. Bill does not seem to see a problem with their relationship. One theory that relates to this case study is Mary Anne Fitzpatrick's Marital Communication Theory. According to this theory, there are three types of couples in a marriage, the traditional type, independents, and separates. Couples can move among these types, but their communication styles will be reflected in their type of relationship. Robert and Martha seem to be traditional in their roles. They share a lot, and each person's role in the relationship is defined clearly. Rudy and Bill, on the other hand, are separates. They do not spend much time together, and live separate lives, even though they are still married. This is reflected in how they communicate. Neither seems to hear what the other is